GPS – Time Keeping in the Satellite Age

 GNSS systems require an absolute time source,
We are all used to the Sat Nav by now. More andthat is a time source as accurate as humanely
more people are installing those little black boxespossible such as that from an atomic clock.
into their cars and throwing away their old paperWithout knowing exactly what the time is a
road maps. The advantages of satellite navigationGNSS satellite would not be able to accurately pin
are many fold – from constant updatespoint a location (as the Earth, satellites and people
keeping the maps current to being able to pinare all moving about a location can only be defined
point your location miles from any landmarks orby a position and time). Because of the distance
road signs.of the satellites away from the Earth, even an
Currently the American Military run the Globalinaccuracy of a second or two could mean a sat
Positioning System (GPS) which at present is thenav’s location could be miles out.
world’s only fully operational Global NavigationAs a consequence of having this accurate time
Satellite System (GNSS). However, the Europeanssources, GPS and the new breed of GNSS
have started their own GNSS system calledsystems can all be used to receive an absolute or
Galileo which is expected to be fully operational byUTC (Universal Coordinated Time) time source.
2013. Russia and China are also working on theirThis time source is currently used by computer
own systems too.networks running a NTP server to synchronise all
This will mean more accurate direction finding formachines and devices to the same time.
all of us as the differing GNSS are expected toHaving a time signal broadcast all over the world
be interoperable. However, there is more tomeans the entire globe can synchronise to the
GNSS than just direction finding.exact same time, vital in many computer
GNSS systems work by using satellites severalapplications.
thousand miles above the Earth’s that beamWhen the new GNSS systems are fully functional
positional information down to a GNSS receivertiming accuracy will also increase along side
(like a sat nav).accuracy in direction finding.
However to accurately pinpoint a location, all